What is the first step in the procedure for reporting defective equipment?

The first step in the procedure for reporting defective equipment is to notify the conductor immediately. This action is crucial because the conductor is responsible for the overall safety and operation of the train. By informing the conductor, they can assess the situation and determine the appropriate course of action, whether it involves stopping the train, making announcements to notify passengers, or contacting maintenance personnel. This chain of communication ensures that safety protocols are followed and that necessary actions are taken efficiently, minimizing risks and addressing the defective equipment promptly.